The world's first GLP-1 / glucagon dual receptor agonist approved anywhere — NMPA-approved in China on 27 June 2025 for obesity and again in September 2025 for type 2 diabetes. Not FDA-approved, not EMA-approved. Investigational drug for US/EU users.
Mazdutide (also known as IBI362 and LY3305677) is a peptide GLP-1 receptor and glucagon receptor dual agonist, developed by Eli Lilly and licensed to Innovent Biologics (Suzhou, China) in August 2019 for China rights. Lilly retains ex-China rights but hasn't announced a US Phase 3 program. The marketed Chinese product is Xinermei — sold in China since the 2025 NMPA approvals, not exported.
Worth getting straight: some sources, including older StackTrax encyclopedia content, describe mazdutide as a "triple GLP-1/GIP/glucagon agonist." That's wrong. Mazdutide is a dual agonist (GLP-1 + glucagon). The triple agonist is retatrutide.
| Jurisdiction | Status | Date | Indication |
|---|---|---|---|
| China (NMPA) | Approved | 27 June 2025 | Chronic weight management (BMI ≥ 28, or ≥ 24 with comorbidity) |
| China (NMPA) | Approved | September 2025 | Glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes |
| FDA, EMA, MHRA, PMDA, Health Canada | Not approved | — | — |
Practical implication for US users: any mazdutide obtained in the US is research-chemical or smuggled product — there's no legitimate prescription pathway, and mazdutide isn't on the FDA 503A bulks list. WADA: not on the 2026 Prohibited List by name; as an unapproved-in-the-US peptide hormone, S0 or S2 catch-all language likely applies. Athletes should consult their governing body.
Mazdutide co-activates two receptors simultaneously. The GLP-1R arm drives glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, suppression of glucagon secretion in hyperglycemia, delayed gastric emptying, and central appetite suppression via hypothalamic GLP-1R — the same axis as semaglutide. The glucagon receptor (GCGR) arm increases hepatic energy expenditure and fatty-acid oxidation in liver, reduces hepatic lipid accumulation (the source of the large liver-fat reduction signal in trials), and produces some glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (counter-regulatory effects mostly compensated by the GLP-1R arm).
The combination effect: the glucagon arm drives liver-fat reduction and metabolic-rate increase that pure GLP-1 RAs don't produce; the GLP-1 arm drives appetite suppression and insulin response. Net result is comparable or better weight loss and glycemic control than pure GLP-1 RAs, with a particularly notable hepatic-steatosis signature. The mechanism is distinct from tirzepatide (GLP-1 + GIP) and from retatrutide (GLP-1 + GIP + glucagon) — different receptor combinations produce different downstream clinical signatures.
Unlike most compounds StackTrax audits, mazdutide has a real, large, peer-reviewed Phase 3 record from China.
| Trial | Population | Result | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| GLORY-1 | Phase 3 obesity, 48 wk | Mazdutide 6 mg: −14.01% body weight vs +0.30% placebo | NEJM 2025, PMID 40421736 |
| GLORY-2 topline | Phase 3 obesity, 9 mg, 60 wk | −18.55% mean weight loss; 44% achieved ≥20% loss; −71.9% liver fat (steatosis subgroup) | Innovent / Lilly press release |
| DREAMS-3 (vs semaglutide) | Mazdutide 6 mg vs semaglutide 1 mg | HbA1c −2.03% vs −1.84%; weight −10.29% vs −6.00% (mazdutide superior) | Innovent press release |
| DREAMS-2 / Phase 3 T2DM | Type 2 diabetes | Back-to-back Nature publications | PMIDs 41407859, 41407860 |
| High-dose Phase 1 (16 mg, 20 wk) | Healthy / overweight | −21.0% mean weight loss | PMID 40832785 |
| First Approval review | Drug-history overview | Adis | PMID 41028652 |
The 71.9% liver-fat reduction at 60 weeks is among the largest ever reported for any incretin-class agent. The glucagon-receptor arm is the mechanistic source.
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Start Tracking Free| Drug | Receptors | Approval | Distinguishing Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide (Wegovy / Ozempic) | GLP-1R only | FDA + EMA | Clinical workhorse; best-studied; weekly |
| Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) | GLP-1R + GIPR | FDA + EMA | Strongest weight loss among approved drugs |
| Mazdutide (Xinermei) | GLP-1R + GCGR | NMPA 2025; not US/EU | Largest liver-fat reduction signature |
| Retatrutide | GLP-1R + GIPR + GCGR | Phase 3 (investigational) | Triple agonist; potentially largest weight loss |
Key disambiguation: mazdutide and retatrutide both activate the glucagon receptor — they're not the same molecule. Mazdutide doesn't bind GIP. Retatrutide binds all three (GLP-1, GIP, glucagon).
The Chinese-label dosing is the closest thing to a validated regimen. Subcutaneous, once weekly, standard incretin-class injection sites (abdomen, thigh, upper arm).
For obesity (NMPA approved June 2025): start at 2 mg weekly, escalate to 4 mg weekly after 4 weeks, optional further escalation to 6 mg weekly after another 4 weeks at 4 mg. Higher doses (9 mg) sit under a supplementary application. For type 2 diabetes (NMPA approved September 2025): same titration; commonly maintained at 4–6 mg weekly. Half-life is compatible with weekly dosing.
Pre-filled with a typical Mazdutide setup. Edit any field — the draw updates live.
Dose requires 0.600 ml but your 0.5 ml syringe can't hold that much. Use a larger syringe or add more BAC water.
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Mazdutide's safety profile in published trials is broadly similar to other incretin-class drugs, with some glucagon-receptor-related distinctives.
Common (incretin class): GI effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation), most pronounced during dose escalation and typically improving with continued exposure; decreased appetite (on-target); transient injection-site redness or mild itching; hypoglycemia uncommon as monotherapy, with risk rising on concurrent insulin or sulfonylureas.
Class concerns: pancreatitis, thyroid C-cell tumors (class boxed warning for GLP-1 RAs based on rodent data; human relevance debated), and gallbladder disease (class concern with rapid weight loss).
Glucagon-arm-specific: possible cardiovascular effects from glucagon receptor activation — characterized in published trial reports. Counter-regulatory glucose effects are mostly compensated by the GLP-1R arm in the dual-agonist context.
Semaglutide — pure GLP-1R agonist. Different receptor profile; smaller liver-fat reduction.
Tirzepatide — GLP-1R + GIPR (not glucagon). Different mechanism, different liver-fat profile.
Retatrutide — GLP-1R + GIPR + GCGR (triple agonist, not dual). Different molecule.
Survodutide (BI 456906) — Boehringer/Zealand GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist (same receptor profile as mazdutide). In Phase 3; not yet approved anywhere as of 2026-05.
Liraglutide (Saxenda / Victoza) — daily GLP-1R agonist, older generation.
Cotadutide — AstraZeneca GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist (same receptor profile); development stalled.
Mazdutide is a research peptide not approved by the FDA for human use. It is sold only as a research chemical, and StackTrax does not endorse or facilitate personal use.
Quality varies enormously among research-chemical suppliers. At minimum, look for:
StackTrax’s preferred partner NextGen Peptides does not currently carry Mazdutidein their catalog, which is why you don’t see a direct purchase link here. Other major research-chemical suppliers carry it; we don’t specifically recommend one for this compound.
Build your protocol, log every dose, monitor your body's response, and get reminders so you never miss a dose.
Start Tracking FreeNot in the US. Mazdutide (Innovent Biologics) is approved by China’s NMPA — June 2025 for chronic weight management in obesity, and September 2025 for type 2 diabetes. There is no FDA approval and no public US NDA pathway as of May 2026. In the US it is sold only as a research chemical.
Mazdutide is a synthetic peptide analog of oxyntomodulin — a dual agonist of the GLP-1 receptor and the glucagon receptor (GCGR). It carries a fatty-acid acylation for reversible albumin binding, giving an ~8-day half-life at 16 mg dose (once-weekly dosing). Structurally it is in the same family as semaglutide (GLP-1 only), tirzepatide (GLP-1 + GIP), and survodutide (also GLP-1 + GCG).
Chinese NMPA-approved doses: titration through 1.5 mg, 3 mg, 4.5 mg, then 6 mg once weekly for obesity (maintenance 6 mg or up to 9 mg per GLORY-1). For T2DM: titration to maintenance up to 9 mg. Higher doses (12 mg, 16 mg) have been studied. Titration steps every 4 weeks to manage GI side effects.
For a 10 mg lyophilized vial, a typical reconstitution is 10 mg + 2 mL of bacteriostatic water, yielding 5 mg/mL. A 3 mg dose draws to 0.60 mL (60 units on a 100-unit insulin syringe), 6 mg = 1.20 mL (use 3 mL syringe), 9 mg = 1.80 mL (3 mL syringe). For higher doses, switch to the 3 mL syringe — insulin syringes max out at 1 mL.
All three are once-weekly multi-receptor incretin agonists. Tirzepatide is GLP-1 + GIP (FDA approved as Mounjaro / Zepbound). Mazdutide is GLP-1 + GCG (NMPA approved in China). Retatrutide is GLP-1 + GIP + GCG triple agonist (FDA Phase 3, not approved). GLORY-1 (mazdutide Phase 3) reported mean ~14.6% weight loss at 48 weeks on 9 mg — comparable to semaglutide, somewhat less than tirzepatide and retatrutide.
Appetite suppression typically noticeable within the first 1–2 weeks. Weight loss accumulates over months as the dose titrates. In GLORY-1, peak weight loss on 9 mg occurred around weeks 32–48. Discontinuation typically results in weight regain consistent with other incretin agonists — these are chronic-use medications, not short-course treatments.
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